Skin Cancer Metastasis

Question: is there any case report of skin cancer( squamouse cell carcinoma) metastasis to bone?

Answer: Absolutely. I'm a medical transcriptionist and I hear that dictated fairly frequently.

Question: Melanoma Skin cancer question??? When you have melanoma skin cancer on your arm....how easy is it to pass on to your lymph nodes in your arm? also if it is growing now under the skin surface, does that mean it is going through metastasis??? i just got diagnosed today and i would like to know. thankyou

Answer: I was recently diagnosed with stage IIb melanoma cancer. You have brought up the big issue, has it invaded the lymph nodes yet?. You will have surgery to cut out the melanoma, and perhaps the lymph nodes. After the biopsy, your oncologist will address a game plan at that time for any treatments that maybe required. Stage IA: The 5-year survival rate is around 99%. The 10-year survival is around 97%.

Question: Cancer Questions? Just curious doing an interview and needed some background info. 1. Describe the structure of a chromosome. 2. What is a gene? 3. Describe the cell cycle and what occurs during each step of the cycle. 4. How do enzymes control the cell cycle? 5. Recently, scientists have learned how to “silence� a gene by making a protein that binds to the specific gene sequence. Why might this be an important discovery in today’s age? 6. Describe how mutations can affect the cell cycle and possibly cause cancer. 7. What role does melanin play in protecting your body from skin cancer? 9. Discuss some evidence that suggests the environment influences the occurrence of cancer. 10. Cancers capable metastasizing are called malignant. If metastases spread through the blood. What organs do you think cancers would metastasize to fit.

Answer: 3. Describe the cell cycle and what occurs during each step of the cycle. -Look up cell cycle or mitosis on wikipedia. 4. How do enzymes control the cell cycle? -See above answer. It's quite an amazing article you'll find. 5. Recently, scientists have learned how to “silence� a gene by making a protein that binds to the specific gene sequence. Why might this be an important discovery in today’s age? -Well, in relation to cancer...cancer cells are simply normal cells that have acquired many random mutations in their genome which may accelerate the cell cycle. If we could silence these mutated genes and remove the cells before they formed a tumor, we could stop cancer. Also, some cancerous cells travel through the blood stream to other parts of the body to form more tumors. They do this by activating certain genes which are normally active only for certain cells. These genes include those which allow the cell to enter and exit the bloodstream and push other cells aside so it can pass through. Silencing these genes before the cancerous cell started to take advantage of them could prevent spread of cancer in a person's body. 6. Describe how mutations can affect the cell cycle and possibly cause cancer. -Oops already kind of answered this. Well mutations in the genome can affect production of the regulatory proteins which regulate the cell cycle. Say one protein prevents the cell from replicating. If a random mutation affected the DNA sequence coding for this protein, there would be nothing to tell the cell not to replicate, so it will replicate out of control and form a tumor. 7. What role does melanin play in protecting your body from skin cancer? -Taken from wikipedia's article of melanin: "Melanocytes insert granules of melanin into specialized cellular vesicles called melanosomes. These are then transferred into the other skin cells of the human epidermis. The melanosomes in each recipient cell accumulate atop the cell nucleus, where they protect the nuclear DNA from mutations caused by the ionizing radiation of the sun's ultraviolet rays" 9. Discuss some evidence that suggests the environment influences the occurrence of cancer. -Well, apparently UV radiation can mutate DNA (otherwise, why would we need melanin?), and if they happen to mutate the DNA coding for regulatory proteins of the cell cycle (refer back to your 6th question) we have possible cancer. 10. Cancers capable metastasizing are called malignant. If metastases spread through the blood. What organs do you think cancers would metastasize to fit. -Don't completely understand this one..I'm randomly guessing that since they spread through the blood, they would mainly affect organs tied directly to the blood...so heart and kidney..? Not sure. Good luck though! Oh and the previous person's answers for 1 and 2 were pretty good, so use those in addition to mine, and we're done!

Question: The spread of cancer...? The spread of cancer, or metastasis, is dependent on cancer cells moving into the blood or lymph and then traveling to distant sites in the body. Based on the structure of skin, why would the dctor tell Jon that it's unlikely that basal cell carcinoma would metastasize?

Answer: Based on the structure of skin I believe it is because basal cells, which are in the epidermis, produce new skin cells and push the older cells to the surface of this skin where they die and are sloughed off. Therefore when they are producing new cells out of control more and more cells are being pushed to the skin surface and not invading deeply into other tissues. However, if not treated BCC can invade into other structures when they occur on the head or neck. It is so extremely rare for BCC to metastasize these cancers are not routinely staged and they are not reportable.

Question: kidney and liver failure with pancreatic cancer? My husband is now in the Hospice. He has been suffering from pancreatic cancer that has metastases to his liver kidney sternum throat. He has been in so much pain they have him on 6mg methadone and other meds. He's not responsive any longer (could be due to the drugs?) yesterday his liver and kidneys have shut down and he's turning yellow due to jaundice. The doc said that he can't go home now due to the fact that he is so medicated to keep him comfortable. his tumors are growing so fast across his chest and stomach they are rising under the skin his naval is complety out when it used to be an ining. How much more does he have to suffer? this is so hard watching my husband who was an 190 lb. to now an 110 lb.

Answer: If his liver and kidneys have shut down, it will be very soon, probably within a few days to a week at most since there might be some function left in them. I know how you feel since I went through this with my father who died of stomach cancer. You hate to see them suffer so much and it was a blessing to me when it was over. I remember telling my brother he had passed and the first words out of his mouth was, "thank God." You feel so helpless. My heart goes out to you. I wanted it to end, but felt guilty because I wished it was over. Don't feel guilty. It's what is best for him.

Question: Can you PLEASE help me solve these!? 10 extra points*? I'm taking my health class online and I have no clue what these questions mean! PLEASEPLEASEPLEASEPLEASE HELPP MEE!!! What is a typical reason that a two-year-old should see a health care provider? to be assessed for cancer to receive an immunization to have a Pap smear to have blood work for cholesterol done An injection of which of the following can help to the body improve one's own immunity and life-long resistance to specific types of infectious diseases? hormones vaccinations chemotherapy drugs antibiotics Which health care professional would be responsible for providing an ultrasound to a pregnant woman to visualize the fetus and its development? phlebotomist registered nurse dietitian radiologic technician Which birth defects occurs when the roof of the mouth does not fuse together? Muscular Dystrophy Spina Bifida Down's Syndrome Cleft Palate The loss of which hormone contributes to osteoporosis? insulin oxytocin estrogen thyroxine Which of the following behaviors will not help reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease? using sunscreen maintaining a healthy weight exercising regularly eating a low-fat diet When the body doesn't produce insulin, what is the effect? cells absorb too much glucose and the blood sugar is low cells don't absorb enough glucose and the blood sugar is high cells produce too much glucose and the body uses fat for energy cells don't produce enough glucose and the body stores fat What can people do to reduce their risk of developing type 2, or adult-onset, diabetes? reduce salt intake wear sunscreen or protective clothing when outside take insulin regularly eat a healthy diet and maintain a proper body weight What can people do to reduce their risk of developing skin cancer? reduce salt intake wear sunscreen or protective clothing when outside take insulin regularly eat a healthy diet and maintain a proper body weight What is the most prominent and preventable risk factor contributing to lung cancer? air pollution no insulin produced lack of exercise smoking What is the single, most effective means of breaking the chain of infection? wearing gloves when in direct contact with people using disposable tissues for the cold or flu washing hands frequently throughout the day cooking and storing foods at their proper temperature A fifty-two-year-old woman feels a squeezing, crushing pain in her chest. The pain also extends to her left arm, neck, and shoulder. She is short of breath. What is she suffering from? diabetes mellitus a stroke a heart attack breast cancer What is metastasis? swelling because of fluid retention in the abdomen cancer cells leaving a tumor and invading other parts of the body breathing into an inhaler to open up the airways using a balloon on a long tube to flatten plaque in an artery Which of the following best increases the chance of surviving nearly any type of cancer? chemotherapy radiation early detection surgery What infection is transmitted by mosquitoes and is relatively new to the United States and can cause flu-like symptoms that can result in encephalitis? West Nile Virus lung cancer heart disease Alzheimer's disease There have been documented cases of HIV being passed through all these ways except which of the following? excessive sweating breast-feeding blood transfusions sexual intercourse Which of the following is a myth about HIV and AIDS? There is no cure for HIV infection. Only homosexual men get AIDS. The virus that causes AIDS attacks the immune system. Many HIV-infected people look and feel fine. What is the most common way hepatitis A is transmitted? fecal-oral route sexual contact contaminated needles breast-feeding How does HIV affect the body? It infects red blood cells, decreasing the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. It infects certain white blood cells, destroying the immune system and making the body susceptible to infection. It infects the alveoli of the lungs, reducing lung capacity and the effectiveness of the respiratory system. It infects blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, producing anemia and destroying the immune system.

Answer: 1. to receive an immunization 2. vaccinations 3. radiologic technician 4. Cleft Palate 5. estrogen 6. using sunscreen 7. cells don't absorb enough glucose and the blood sugar is high 8. eat a healthy diet and maintain a proper body weight 9. wear sunscreen or protective clothing when outside 10. washing hands frequently throughout the day 11. smoking 12. a heart attack 13. cancer cells leaving a tumor and invading other parts of the body 14. early detection 15. West Nile Virus 16. excessive sweating 17. Only homosexual men get AIDS. 18. fecal-oral route 19. It infects blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, producing anemia and destroying the immune system.

Question: A family member, 56 yrs female, was diagnosed with Carcinoma left breast in 2001. Underwent mastectomy...(((? A family member, 56 yrs female, was diagnosed with Carcinoma left breast in 2001. Underwent mastectomy, received chemothearapy & radiothearapy. Things went pretty fine until last year in April, the cancer resurfaced as skin & bone metastasis. Again, she was administered chemothearapy & radiothearapy. Still, her life went on pretty much alright, without much pain. However, in February this year, she was yet again diagnosed with Inflammatory breast Carcinoma, which turned our world upside down. Doctors disapproved surgery, the pain mounted gradually, ever morphine failed to provide much relief. Now, last month, her brain CT scan showed the involvement of Brain metastais. She has now lost most of her consiousness; does not speak anything at all, is catherised & is fed through Ryle's tube. Yesterday, she got the last shot of radiotherapy. At times, she makes painful groans, her respiratory rate in very slow. She holds her breath for a minute or so, before inhalation. WHAT BEST CAN BE DONE?

Answer: i am very sorry to here about your family member. i have worked as a cancer nurse for over two years now and unfortunately, it sounds as if she is near the end. sometimes thats the hardest part of cancer (worse than all the treatments combined) if morphine is not helping her i would ask the docs for some type of continuous medication to keep her pain free. they offer those medications for at home use as well (not sure if she's home or where she is) but most meds can be given continuously at home. try the very best you can to keep her comfortable, let her know you are there for her, and just be a family. there are nurses who come to your home to help during these times as well. i hope things go well

Question: my mom is taking femara and herceptin injection is there a chance shell have remission? my mom have breast cancer stage 3b last 2004 after chemo she had radiation and was given tamoxifen even she is a negative receptor after 2 years she have a skin metastasis that was diagnosed early she has taken xeloda or oral chemo and now after oral chemo she takes femara and herceptin injection is anyone have the same situation i just wanna know the truth if there is a chance of remission in her case? and is it true that when u have a remission the stage of the cancer also hightens there level does that mean my mom is stage 4 already after having skin metastasis please need aswer she is 42 years old for now she is a 4 year cancer survivor she is experienceing osteoarthritis migraine and weakened muscles i know its only a side effect of femara but could dis affect the remission if ever?

Answer: Each cancer is different and people will react differently to treatment. Without all the blood details, I can't really help. However, I'm not going to lie to you there is a chance of remission either in the breast or in some other part of the body. That doesn't mean she is going to die. For instance, I have this patient who had one lung removed, as well as her spleen and pancreas, she is fine, even though she also has bone cancer. Weaken muscles, etc... can be a side effect of chemo but it can also be cancer progressing. Just remember to always be positive about it, and be there for your mom, no matter how crazy or weird she can get (chemo will do that to people). Hope that helps! xoxo

Question: Biology Teachers Or Proffesors? Can You Help Me Out With These Questions. I'm Having Alot Of Trouble With Them If a person was lacking an arm at birth, there was probably a mutation in a a.sex chromosome. b.homeotic gene. c.carcinoma. d. metastasis. Cancers are most likely to form when mutations occur in a.growth factor genes. b.mutagens. c.sex chromosomes. d.somatic chromosomes. The term for when dividing cancer cells migrate and begin growing in other sites is a.metastasis. b.benign tumor. c.homeobox. d. Drosophila. Morphogenesis is controlled by a.homeoboxes. b.oncogenes. c.tumor-suppressor genes. d.metastasis. Viruses whose cores are oncogenes a.may prevent tumors from forming. b.may immunize people against lung cancer from smoking. c.are called proto-oncogenes. d.may infect healthy tissue and cause tumors to form. Which of the following statements is NOT true about cancer? a.There is a genetic predisposition for many cancers. b.There is usually more than one mutation needed to produce a cancer. c. The incidence of cancer shows no correlation with smoking. d.Cancer is more prevalent in older people. Tumors in blood-producing tissue produces a.carcinoma. b.sarcoma. c.carcinogens. d. leukemia. A predisposition for cancer may be caused by a. gender. b.mutations in tumor-suppressor genes. c,bacterial infections. d. alcohol consumption. Match the item in the left column with the appropriate item in the right column. 10. Carcinoma A. bone and muscle tissue 11.Sarcoma B. blood 12.Lymphoma C. skin and connective tissue 13. Leukemia D. blood producing tissue

Answer: I have your answer I scrutinized google, yahoo and alexa and found this check it out http://img10.imageshack.us/img10/7760/1215breastcancer6copyco.jpg I will check and let you know

Question: "White" appearance of Breast and both Kidneys' on CT scan.? Have been diagnosed w/ stage 3b inflamatory breast cancer. (The breast cancer is evident in the skin and invasive ductal, has infiltrated the lymphatic system of the skin [T4]) Undergoing chemo. treatments.Could this indicate a metastasis of the breast cancer to the kindeys'?

Answer: Please see the webpages for more details on Breast cancer. Metastasis of the breast cancer is higher compared to other types of cancer.

Question: Biology I Need Help Answering These From My Exam :/? Viruses whose cores are oncogenes may prevent tumors from forming. may immunize people against lung cancer from smoking. are called proto-oncogenes. may infect healthy tissue and cause tumors to form. Match the item in the left column with the appropriate item in the right column. Carcinoma A. Bone And Muscle Sarcoma B. Blodd, Lymphoma C.Skin And Connective Tissue Leukemia D.Blood Producing Tiss. Cancers are most likely to form when mutations occur in growth factor genes. mutagens. sex chromosomes. somatic chromosomes. The term for when dividing cancer cells migrate and begin growing in other sites is metastasis. benign tumor. homeobox. Drosophila. A predisposition for cancer may be caused by gender. mutations in tumor-suppressor genes. bacterial infections. alcohol consumption. Tumors in blood-producing tissue produces carcinoma. sarcoma. carcinogens. leukemia. Morphogenesis is controlled by homeoboxes. oncogenes. tumor-suppressor genes. metastasis. If a person was lacking an arm at birth, there was probably a mutation in a sex chromosome. homeotic gene. carcinoma. metastasis. Which of the following statements is NOT true about cancer? There is a genetic predisposition for many cancers. There is usually more than one mutation needed to produce a cancer. The incidence of cancer shows no correlation with smoking. Cancer is more prevalent in older people.

Answer: I have your answer I probed google, yahoo and alexa and support this check it out http://snipurl.com/fi3t4 lemme check it out for ya

Question: Simple Biology Questions, Need Help By Next Week.? Thank you for Helping, Much Appreciated. Cancers are most likely to form when mutations occur in: A) growth factor genes. B) mutagens. C) sex chromosomes. D) somatic chromosomes. Viruses whose cores are oncogenes: A) may prevent tumors from forming B) may immunize people against lung cancer from smoking C) are called proto-oncogenes D) may infect healthy tissue and cause tumors to form. If a person was lacking an arm at birth, there was probably a mutation in a: A) sex chromosome B) homeotic gene C) carcinoma D) metastasis Tumors in blood-producing tissue produces: A) carcinoma B) sarcoma C) carcinogens D) leukemia Which of the following statements is NOT true about cancer? A) There is a genetic predisposition for many cancers. B) There is usually more than one mutation needed to produce a cancer C) The incidence of cancer shows no correlation with smoking D) Cancer is more prevalent in older people A predisposition for cancer may be caused by: A) gender B) mutations in tumor-suppressor genes C) bacterial infections D) alcohol consumption Match the item in the left column with the appropriate item in the right column. Carcinoma: Sarcoma: Lymphoma: Leukemia: A) bone and muscle tissue B) blood C) skin and connective tissue D) blood producing tissue Morphogenesis is controlled by A) homeoboxes B) oncogenes C) tumor-suppressor genes D) metastasis The term for when dividing cancer cells migrate and begin growing in other sites is: A) metastasis B) benign tumor C) homeobox D) Drosophila

Answer: If someone was born without an arm, there was probably a mutation in - B) Homeotic gene NOT true about cancer - C) No correlation with smoking Predisposition for cancer may be - A) gender Morphogenesis is controlled by - A) Homeoboxes When cancer cells migrate to other sites - A) Metastasis

Question: Nephrology Questions? Question 1: A BMI over 30.0 kg/m2 denotes obesity. BMI stands for _______________? Question 2: _______________ is the spread of cancer from its primary site to other places in the body. Question 3: A _______________ is a/an x-ray when it is formed by an event involving an electron, as opposed to when it comes from the nucleus of an atom. Question 4: There are how many reversible causes of cardiac arrest? Question 5: Because viruses are unable to replicate on their own, they are dependant on _______________ cells. Therefore, they are often not classified as a life-form. Question 6: In radiology, the word _______________ is derived from the Greek words for "slice" and "describing". Question 7: Kidney stones less than _______________ mm in size usually will pass spontaneously. Question 8: Infectious disease requires an agent and a mode of transmission, also known as a _______________. Question 9: A coronary artery _______________ graft is a surgical procedure performed in patients with coronary artery disease for the relief of angina and possible improved heart muscle function in which veins or arteries from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries. Question 10: Influenza reaches peak prevalence in which season? Question 11: In _______________ dialysis, a special solution is run through a tube into the abdominal body cavity around the intestine. The fluid is left there for a while to absorb waste products, and then removed through the tube. Question 12: The top three single agent disease killers are HIV/AIDS, TB, and _______________. Question 13: During a typical _______________ test, also known as a prick test, small amounts of suspected allergens are introduced to sites on the patient, either by injecting intradermally or into small scratchings. Question 14: The _______________ immune system ensures that most mammals that survive an initial infection by a pathogen are generally immune to further illness, caused by that same pathogen. Question 15: In Pathology, the structural changes induced in the cells, tissues and organs are called _______________ changes. fill in the blank morphologic malaria peritoneal bypass 5 8 host skin/prick winter body mass index photon metastasis vector acquired/adaptive tomography

Answer: How do you expect to learn if people just feed you the answers? These questions are not complicated. Use a textbook or google to find the answers. If you don't understand something ask your instructor.

Question: Can someone please put this in their own words? Lung Cancer Symptoms Up to one-fourth of all people with lung cancer may have no symptoms when the cancer is diagnosed. These cancers usually are identified incidentally when a chest x-ray is performed for another reason. The majority of people, however, develop symptoms. The symptoms are due to direct effects of the primary tumor, to effects of metastatic tumors in other parts of the body, or to disturbances of hormones, blood, or other systems caused by the cancer. Symptoms of primary lung cancers include cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, and shortness of breath. A new cough in a smoker or a former smoker should raise concern for lung cancer. A cough that does not go away or gets worse over time should be evaluated by a health-care provider. Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) occurs in a significant number of people who have lung cancer. Any amount of coughed-up blood is cause for concern. Chest pain is a symptom in about one-fourth of people with lung cancer. The pain is dull, aching, and persistent and may involve other structures surrounding the lung. Shortness of breath usually results from a blockage to the flow of air in part of the lung, collection of fluid around the lung (pleural effusion), or the spread of tumor throughout the lungs. Wheezing or hoarseness may signal blockage or inflammation in the lungs that may go along with cancer. Repeated respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, can be a sign of lung cancer. Symptoms of metastatic lung tumors depend on the location and size. About 30%-40% of people with lung cancer have some symptoms or signs of metastatic disease. Lung cancer most often spreads to the liver, the adrenal glands, the bones, and the brain. Metastatic lung cancer in the liver usually does not cause symptoms, at least by the time of diagnosis. Metastatic lung cancer in the adrenal glands also typically causes no symptoms by the time of diagnosis. Metastasis to the bones is most common with small cell cancers but also occurs with other lung cancer types. Lung cancer that has metastasized to the bone causes bone pain, usually in the backbone (vertebrae), the thighbones, and the ribs. Lung cancer that spreads to the brain can cause difficulties with vision, weakness on one side of the body, and/or seizures. Paraneoplastic syndromes are the remote, indirect effects of cancer not related to direct invasion of an organ by tumor cells. Often they are caused by chemicals released from the cancers. Symptoms include the following: clubbing of fingers-the depositing of extra tissue under the fingernails new bone formation-along the lower legs or arms anemia-low numbers of red blood cells and high calcium level or low sodium level in the blood other effects-muscle weakness, skin rashes, and degeneration of the brain weight loss fatigue low sodium levels

Answer: Not doing your homework~

Question: Melanoma Brain Metastases. Gleevec? Hi. ((Overview)) My grandmother has Melanoma. It started with a mole on her leg, and spread to her lymphnodes. They removed the mole and the surrounding affected area as well as the infected lymphnodes (the affected mole and area was located behind her knee on the leg, the lymphnodes affected were in her groin area.) She was fine for a year, another reoccurence and it was removed and she was declared cancer free. She did Interferon treatments because she was "cancer free".Those ended last year in late November. She went to all of her scans to check for new occurrences and nothing appeared until mysteriously she fell to the floor unconscious this year in August. It turns out she had a brain tumor that hemorrhaged. She had surgery to remove all of the tumor that was visible. Unfortunately the weren't able to remove it all. She did one session of stereostastic (that's probably spelled wrong) radiation a month ago and even with that the left over tumor grew as well as a second, new, tumor that is slowly growing as well. She began whole brain radiation today. My question is: I've read about people saying Gleevec has worked wonders. Would this be something that could help her? Her doctor's appointment is tomorrow after her radiation, but I'm curious if anyone knows. I know its for mucous melanomas and people with sun damage...she has extrememly fair skin and was very active until this cancer s%#t, and always in the sun, swimming and tanning and doing gardening. ANYONE PLEASE!

Answer: The goal of treatment, for patients with metastatic cancer, is to slow the progress of their disease and hopefully put it into temporary remission. This objective is balanced with maintaining a good quality of life and the wishes of the patient. Chemotherapy is very useful in treating metastatic cancer because it is a system-wide tool. Radiation targets specific sites, so it may be beneficial in addressing known tumors. You mentioned Gleevec, which is a drug generally not associated with treating your grandmother's type of cancer. Different types of cancer require different clinical approaches. Her oncologist will offer a treatment plan featuring the chemotherapy protocol known to be most beneficial for her situation. Stage 4 cancer is challenging to treat and presents hard choices for the patient. Best wishes to your entire family.